PDF Download The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future

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The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future

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Listening Length: 8 hours and 47 minutes

Program Type: Audiobook

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Publisher: Audible Studios

Audible.com Release Date: July 11, 2013

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Language: English, English

ASIN: B00CWJHXSO

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This is an accessible and useful volume for those who want to know more about what is at stake with the Shia versus Sunni disputes. At the outset, the author, Vali Nasr, notes that (page 20): "The Shia-Sunni conflict is at once a struggle for the soul of Islam. . .and a manifestation of the kind of tribal wars of ethnicities and identities, so seemingly archaic at times, yet so surprisingly vital, with which humanity has become wearily familiar."The volume begins with a description of the separation of Shia and Sunni; the main issue was the succession to Mohammed. Would it be familial (Shia) or a collective decision of tribal elders (Sunni)? The succeeding chapter (Chapter 2) provides a compressed history of Shia and Sunni. These two chapters, taken together, provide a useful context for those who are unfamiliar with the divisions within Islam.Later, the work explores a more contemporary perspective. Chapter 4 examines events in the 1970s and after. The title, "Khomeini's Moment," speaks a great deal to the subject matter. The end of the chapter discusses the role of the Ayatollah Khoi (from Iraq) who took a different path. The author notes that (page 145) "Khoi's importance in placing limits on the reach of Khomeini's ideas and prestige is often underrated and underrecognized." Then, the role of the Ayatollah Sistani in Iraq is discussed, to good effect. Chapter 6, in part, speaks of Sistani's political perspective and its importance.There is further discussion of the importance of the Shia perspective in Iraq and Iran and what this might portend. The "Afterword" begins to suggest what is "at stake" with "the Shia Revival."This is a good volume to read if one wishes to know more about the internal conflicts in Islam and what this might entail for American policy in the Middle East. Well written and thought provoking. . . .

_The Shia Revival_ by Vali Nasr is a well-written and timely analysis of the history and nature of the greatest division within the Muslim world, that of the 1,400 year old split between Sunnis and Shiites, a division existing from practically the beginning of the faith, each sect viewing itself as the "original orthodoxy." Though stressing that the Shias (like the Sunnis) are hardly monolithic, varying in degrees of piety and because of different cultural and economic backgrounds, Nasr listed a number of key characteristics of Shias worldwide. Though Shias are a minority of the world's 1.3 billion Muslims (comprising 130 to 195 million people or about 10 to 15% of the total Muslims in the world), they are as nearly numerous as the Sunnis in the Islamic heartland from Lebanon to Pakistan and around the Persian Gulf comprise 80% of the population. The Shia-Sunni split dates back to the succession crises after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Sunnis came to accept the notion that successor caliphs to the Prophet (perhaps individuals chosen by the community) need not possess exceptional spiritual qualities but merely be exemplary Muslims who could direct the religious and political affairs of the community and still later accepted future rulers so long as they maintained order, protected Islam, and left religious matters to the ulama (religious scholars). What became the Shiites disagreed with this, feeling that the true leaders of the community should not be "ordinary mortals" but should instead be Muhammad's family - popularly known as the ahl al-Bayt or people of the household - as the blood of the Prophet ran in their veins along with the spiritual qualities invested in him by God. Similarly, Sunnis and Shiites differed widely on matters of religious interpretation. Sunnis came to believe that all believers are capable of understanding religious truth in a way and to a degree that makes special intermediaries between God and man unneeded, while Shiites came to feel that there were outer and inner, hidden truths in religion, and that without the right leadership the true meaning and intent of Islam will be lost. Shiites believed that there is hidden and esoteric knowledge, inaccessible to the average believer without help. The Shiites placed a great deal of emphasis on the history of the early rightful successors to the Prophet and on Shia saints and consequently also have a great love for visual imagery depicting these individuals and their struggles (most of which ended in martyrdom). This love of imagery grates on Sunni sensibilities, who often view it as "possible inducements to, if not outright expressions of, idol worship." Related to this is the great Shia festival of mourning, remembrance, and atonement known as Ashoura, a religious festival and drama akin in many ways to Christian festivals such as Good Friday "Way of the Cross" processions. As Nasr put it, while Sunnism "is about the law and the "thou shalts" and "thou shalt nots" of Islam, Shiism is about rituals, passion, and drama." Sunnism and Shiism differ not so much because of divergent practices but because of the spirit of their interpretation of Islam. Shias, much like Christians, have a strong millenarian streak as well. They believe that the line of imams (descendents of Ali, son-in-law of Muhammad, first rightful successor to him) continued through the tenth century, when the Twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi (the Guided One) was taken by God into a miraculous state of occultation in 939. His return will be the "end of time and the advent of perfect divine justice." This messianic framework of belief (along with the martyrdom of the imams and of Shia saints) have been key influences on Shiites and resonate in events today, such as Shiite views of the Iranian revolution, the disappearance in Lebanon in 1978 of the popular leader Imam Musa al-Sadr (some felt he had been miraculously occulted), and in the actions of Muqtada al-Sadr in Iraq (who named his militia the Mahdi Army, implying that his cause was that of the Twelfth Imam). The key reality of the Middle East today is the Sunni-Shia conflict. The most important outcome of the war in Iraq, its "central legacy," has been that Iraq has become the first Arab-majority country to be ruled by a democratically-elected Shia majority, tipping the scales against the long Sunni domination of the Middle East. Though the Shia revival began with the Iranian revolution and Hezbollah gains in Lebanon against Israel, today it is about "protecting and entrenching" Shia gains in Iraq. Shia success there will lead to greater ties among Shias throughout the Middle East, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and increased Shia demands for a greater political role everywhere. This Shia revival rests on three pillars; the newly empowered Shia majority in Iraq, the rise of Iran as a major regional power, and the empowerment of Shia populations in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Bahrain, and Afghanistan. This revival will result in a huge Sunni backlash - as shown by the actions of such Sunni organizations as the Taliban and al-Qaeda - and if anything will strengthen anti-Americanism in the region, as the revival comes at a time of rising Sunni extremism. Anti-Shia feelings and actions by the extremists will hurt the U.S., as anti-Shia feelings will solidify Sunni public opinion and expand the influence of groups such as al-Qaeda. Nasr does see hope though as well. Shiites will be much more likely to work with the U.S., as both the U.S. and the Shiites share a common enemy (Sunni extremists) and greater democracy in the region (a stated U.S. goal) will add Shiite empowerment throughout the region. The U.S. has already been of great aid to the Shiites, removing Saddam Hussein and empowering the Shia majority in Iraq (efforts at de-Ba'thification in Iraq have really been de-Sunnification efforts) and taking down the "Sunni wall" around Iran, as for a time Iran was constrained by Sunni-dominated Iraq to the west and a Pakistan-Taliban-Saudi axis to the east.

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Download PDF Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptation

Download PDF Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptation

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Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptation

Download PDF Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptation

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Audible Audiobook

Listening Length: 7 hours and 49 minutes

Program Type: Audiobook

Version: Unabridged

Publisher: christianaudio.com

Audible.com Release Date: April 6, 2012

Whispersync for Voice: Ready

Language: English, English

ASIN: B007RYUZ66

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I've seen a lot of knocks on here for the graphic nature of this book, but for me personally, reading it and applying the strategies and concepts to my own addiction has been life and soul saving. I appreciate that the authors don't shy away from the graphic details because it shows just how nasty a porn addiction can become (and makes those of us who have gone to some really dark places not feel alienated and alone in the fight). I'm 30, and I could have used this book when I was a teenager. Why? Because they address the very topics in porn and masturbation that my dad was too bashful or naive to talk about. And I was not comfortable approaching him to talk about whether or not I had a problem. It was such a "bad sin" as a good little Baptist kid that I thought I should keep it hid. I got this book instead of Every Man's Battle because I wanted to see what they had to say about the single guys – it really is a different ballgame. (I've attended Every Man's Battle classes at church). Parents, if you're concerned that the content is inappropriate, read it for yourselves and talk to your son about the strategies. They are very helpful. I understand if you think some of this is too much for a younger teenager to read. With that being said, you may want to believe your son doesn't have that much of an issue with porn, lust, and especially masturbation.. If he knows what an orgasm feels like, he is probably hooked. Just speaking from experience (I didn't start looking at porn until I was 19. In middle and high school, I was already addicted just from girls I'd see at school). I went through my entire 20's with every relationship failing because this sin had such a hold on my life. This book could have prevented that. Please don't let your sons go down that road. It hurts and it's full of unnecessary heartbreak. Kudos to these authors for addressing what every other author is too afraid to.

As a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, I constantly hear the warning from local and general level leadership that pornography is a bad thing, and for very understandable reasons. However, I have not yet in 6+ years of being a member heard any leader talk about masturbation, how to avoid the practice, whether or not it is always sinful, and how to break the habit, as well how pornography is linked to all of this. Most leaders simply say to avoid it, but there is no clear direction of how, and what other things besides pornography constitute sexual sin. Perhaps in future conferences these things will be addressed more in detail.This brings me to the book I recently finished: Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptation. Due to what I mentioned earlier, in many respects this book was a godsend to me because it addressed head on many of the things I deal with a single man trying to live within the framework of Christian standards, even if I fail from time to time. The book showed how this is possible.Just as a quick overview, the book is co-authored by Fred Stoeker and Stephen Arterburn, two men who go in depth about their past addictions to pornography, masturbation, and pre-marital sex. It was refreshing to have someone talk about these issues from the side of being aware of male impulses rather than someone pretending as though they don't exist, which is how this issue is normally treated in church.One of the main principles I had realized for awhile but it remained in the back of my mind rather than at the forefront was how men receive sexual gratification through their eyes. While this seems obvious in the realm of pornography where the entire industry is built on it, it may not seem that way when a man is looking lustfully at the women who he passes each day: joggers, classmates, female church patrons, etc. I realized I do that far too much myself, and this has the potential of making women into objects rather than into humans. The book recommends bouncing your eyes, meaning not looking at certain parts of a woman and keeping eye contact at all times. I will have to implement that more in the future.The one drawback about this book is that while it is refreshing on one hand to have Fred and Stephen talk about their pasts and how they overcame it, it can on the other hand serve as a testament that a person can do whatever they want until they get to the point they want to change, and that in the end there were no consequences for engaging in these behaviors. This book would be of more help if written from the person who didn't engage in these sorts of activities and showed it was possible to be pure without having to sink to the lowest point. This narrative was common in my pre-LDS experience, and not ironically many men in my youth group slid down the same road because they only saw where the person was now rather than what they went through in order to get there. Something to think about at any rate.I would give this book 4 out of five stars, and recommend that those men who are single and young read it. It is easy to read and can give you more tools to fight with in your battle.

My husband passed and this book not only helped me understand my son better but also brought a lot of healing because of the conversations we have. I never thought I would be talking to my 15 year old about sex so easily but I can because of the tips the author gives to open up the conversations.

This book is a fantastic read. It gave me some new perspective on the topic of sexual immorality. But more importantly, it gave me some techniques for how I could fight it in my life. And they worked. I'm now gone six months without masturbating, and it's been great. It's no longer a distraction in my life.Men, we can achieve victory. It's not an easy journey by any stretch, I failed many times along the way. But with the right focus and techniques, and with a strong faith and desire to follow God, sexual purity is within our grasp.

In this world you're surrounded by sexual images that open the door to temptation. They're everywhere! TV, billboards, magazines, music, internet and so easy to access that it sometimes feels impossible to escape their clutches. Yet God expects His children to be sexually pure. So how can you survive the relentless battle against temptation? Here's powerful ammunition.

Fantastic book for any young man. I work with about 30 teen guys at my church and they all love this book. It is a wonderful mix between solid theology and everyday language. Due to it have 2 authors (one biblical studies major and one average church guy) this book can be read by any young man and be easily understood and worked out in their own life.

A MUST READ for anyone who has a son especially in this social media day & age. Don't hesitate as you can't go wrong in helping your child and preparing them in these bombarding times! Suggest you read it first then have your son read it and review it together (father & son or Mom too). It was suggested to us by a licensed therapist and so glad they did.

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PDF Download 4 Weeks to Healthy Digestion: A Harvard Doctor’s Proven Plan for Reducing Symptoms of Diarrhea,Constipation, Heartburn, and More

PDF Download 4 Weeks to Healthy Digestion: A Harvard Doctor’s Proven Plan for Reducing Symptoms of Diarrhea,Constipation, Heartburn, and More

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4 Weeks to Healthy Digestion: A Harvard Doctor’s Proven Plan for Reducing Symptoms of Diarrhea,Constipation, Heartburn, and More

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About the Author

Norton J. Greenberger, M.D., is a clinical professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and a senior physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital. He is an internationally renowned gastroenterologist, former president of the American Gastroenterological Association, and a recipient of the Julius M. Friedenwald Medal, the most prestigious award given in recognition of outstanding lifetime achievement in and contribution to the field of gastroenterology.

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Product details

Paperback: 256 pages

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education; 1 edition (March 26, 2009)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0071547959

ISBN-13: 978-0071547956

Product Dimensions:

6 x 0.6 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 13 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.1 out of 5 stars

11 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#265,112 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Excellent book -- my stomach noticed a difference within 48 hours of diet recommended -- fun to feel stomach looking for some acid and not finding it, or not being able to produce heartburn. Follow diet to a "T" and you will notice a difference. Problem is, you feel so good, you go back to the bad foods thinking your cured!

I did not learn many new bits of information in this book.

This book was too difficult to want to try to follow. I tried to get interested, but writing down everything I ate and what the reactions were just sounded like something i would not stick with.

Personally I was looking for a more detailed type diet plan, something with calendar, recipes, not the general overall "things to try".

Skinny Gut Diet is much, much better!

I am actually a patient of Dr. Greenberger (I see him for mastocytosis) and I think he is a phenomenal doctor, very easily one of the best I have ever had. This book is enjoyable and easy to read...giving a lot of useful information without being overly dense.a+

There is really nothing in this book that isn't already widely available for free through other sources. Basically, it's a book for novices, especially those who are ignorant of health and nutrition and eat the typical high fat, high sugar, industrial nonfoods that make up much of the American diet. But long-time sufferers of any of the conditions addressed in this book have probably already done their research and tried multiple strategies, including those suggested here. Save your money.

WHY I BOUGHT THIS BOOK: When there is something wrong with me, I get the best advice. A four year bio-medical science degree in nursing and work in advanced management consulting underscores this quest for the finest information. My strategy came into high use when, at 47, I entered what became a perimenopausal transition from hell.CHIEF COMPLAINT: Eights weeks ago and two years post-menopausal, I encountered severe painful ongoing gastro-intestinal dysfunction and near failure. Coupled with this gastric upset was my usual (but more intense this fall) ragweed and leaf mold allergies/rhinitis. I immediately sent for '4 Weeks to Healthy Digestion'(2009)by Harvard's Dr. Greenberger, a professor of gastroenterology, now in his 51st year of practice. (Harvard's the best, right?)WAS THIS BOOK HELPFUL?: Greenberger's book created mostly questions. FIRST, about the co-author, no information is given. In the Library of Congress fine print her 1952 date of birth and another gastro book title is revealed and that's it. What contribution did each of these authors make to the book? Is it, on the whole, ghost-written?NEXT, except for celiac sprue, there are no footnotes and no reference section of replicated, reliable, valid bio-science literature. The reader is being asked to accept Dr. Greenberger's un-footnoted advice as current and correct. After 50+ years of practice, would it not be effortless for Greenberger to cite the biomedical scholarship that his elimination diets, treatments and other information are based on?LAST, chapter 9 Communicating with Your Doctor, Greenberger is not for do-it-yourself doctoring. He is against patients doing research and presenting in the physician's office with a substantiated idea/opinion of what their diagnosis is and how it's to be managed.DIY DOCTOR RATIONALE: I think Greenberger's position that patients (especially women) not present as sophisticated and highly informed is wrong-headed and potentially lethal*. This belief stems from my experience of futilely trying to get quality science-based medical help for a near disabling, decade-long transition.In the late 30s to early 40s estrogen in the human female is NOT decreasing but has been found to become chaotic and high(Prior, JC. Endocrine Reviews 1998:19:4:397). This is the start of perimenopausal transition. [One of the pleiotropic/many effects of higher estrogen is to enhance inflammatory/allergic response by increasing macrophage proliferation ( Smith, RC. Med Hypo 1991:36:2:178).]Three large recent studies - Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS, 1998), Women's Estrogen for Stroke Trail (WEST, 2001), and Women's Health Initative (WHI,2001) - are amazingly concordant that estrogen replacement puts menopausal women at high risk of stroke or cancer. Yet, many doctors and gynaecologists are still prescribing estrogen replacement therapy (PloS Med 2010:7:9e10003350). *Two of my friends accepted estrogen replacement. One, age 64, has just died of stroke, and the other, age 69, is dying of cancer. As recently as last summer I, age 57, was offered estrogen while presenting with a boat-load of chaotic/high estrogen symptoms.TREATING IN THE DARK: [...] pubmed (world's largest med library) turned up an astonishing study just release online in Gastroenterology 2011, lead researcher H.P. Parkman M.D. Of 243 patients with a recognized complex of severe gastric symptoms to include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, bloating, abdominal pain, constipation and heart burn (gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD) 88% (214) were female, with a mean age of 41 years. 19% revealed an inflammatory illness at an earlier date (I had allergies.) This cluster of symptoms - varyingly and in-exactly referred to as idiopathic gastroparesis (IG) if severe or dyspepsia if milder - is reported in this study to be NOT well understood and the precise clinical features UNKNOWN and NOT measured before this study!To discover doctors were fumbling around in the dark, not exactly sure what they were treating in what may turn out to be a largely female-specific gastro phenomenon is most un-reassuring. IG appears greatly over-represented in women. Given the mean age of onset of 41 years, IG is probably tied directly to perimenopausal transition and driven by midlife chaotic/high estrogen.GENDER BIAS: In 227 pages, Dr. Greenberger has just two paragraphs (p142-143) to offer women in transition - a cohort potentially making up 80+% of his client load given the 2011 study. He indicates while irritable bowel syndrome (80% of IBS patients are female) and diarrhea may improve with menopause, this is not the case with GERD and heartburn. Already beaten down by days of unrelenting alimentary agony, an enormous bereft feeling swept over me when I read this seemingly thin, pitiless, un-helpful information. I could be wrong, but I think these meagre paragraphs speak to disinterest, indifference and neglect of the adult female's health needs.I have continued on to find quite a lot in pubmed that is helpful.By April Heather Ewart Andrews RN BN

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Ebook Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World)

Ebook Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World)

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Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World)

Ebook Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World)

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Review

'The tone of the book is one of detachment based on a deep understanding of the situations in the Middle East ... [A] masterly synthesis.' - The Old Radleian'[A] rigourous but accessible overview.' - BBC History Magazine 'My students are really enjoying the 'Conflicts' book. I have had a number of them email me to specifically say how much they are enjoying reading it as a textbook.' - Dr Victoria Mason, University of Wellington, New Zealand 

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Product details

Series: The Making of the Contemporary World

Paperback: 176 pages

Publisher: Routledge; 3 edition (September 30, 2007)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0415440173

ISBN-13: 978-0415440172

Product Dimensions:

5.4 x 0.4 x 8.5 inches

Shipping Weight: 7.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.2 out of 5 stars

3 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#2,283,510 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Unless you are a zionist or a radical islamist you will appreciate Dr Milton Edward's useful and penetrating analysis of the problems of the Middle East. She has managed to bring academic objectivity to a highly sensitive subject and the chapters on Palestine and Israel are particularly useful for understanding the background to this long standing conflict. Neither the Palestinian Authority nor the State of Israel escape responsibilty for the present impasse and inevitably some of the criticisms of recent actions by the Israeli government have raised hackles in Academe especially in the US where any criticism of the Jewish State arouses ire in certain quarters-the first review above is a classic example of this phenomenon. The section on Iraq is also timely and penetrating and I srtongly recommend this work which, Iam told, is about to go into a third edition.

This book which covers the main mid east arenas of conflict since World War 2 (Palestine/lebanon/the Gulf/ the Kurds/Iraq/Kuwait) is a very valuable background to the events of September 11th (2001). Usama bin Laden needs to be put into the context of Middle East disputes: especially Arab/Israel to understand his motivations. 'Conflicts' includes studies on Islamic fundamentalism, 'Holy Terror' and big power confrontation.This is a timely publication. Slim and concise-good maps and bibliography. For both the scholar and the general reader. (...)

The region I know most about in the Middle East is Israel. So let me focus on how poorly this book deals with that nation.It starts by explaining that the Arab-Israeli conflict is the result of competing nationalist agendas. Even this is misleading, given that the Israelis are not trying to get rid of the Arab nations, while the Arab foes of Israel are trying to get rid of Israel. We then are treated to a statement about how sad it is that both Jewish and Arab nationalism appeared at the same time, and that this is why they fought. Well, they did not appear simultaneously. Arabs had been oppressing Jews for centuries. When some Jews became liberated, that annoyed some Arabs, but a desire to get rid of Jewish rights is not the same as nationalism. Israel became a nation in order to defend Jewish rights (and, in particular, to repeal the British White Paper of 1939, which almost completely restricted Jewish immigration to the Levant). If a Levantine Arab nation comes into existence, even now, it will be explicitly to get rid of Israel, not for some positive purpose. That is not true nationalism. It is a bogus claim of nationalism, such as the one made by the Sudeten Germans in the 1930s.The authors continue by saying that Levantine Arabs stood in the way of Jewish nationalism. That is misleading. In fact, many Arabs happily sold their land to Jews in the region (at very high prices, of course). The presence of Arabs in no way needs to stop Israel from existing, just as the presence of Catholics in no way needs to stop America from existing. There is not an inherent need to expel all Arabs or all Jews from Israel, just as there is not an inherent need to expel all Catholics or all Protestants from the United States. Arabs and Jews can both live in a Hebrew-speaking nation.The book then gets into the area of "founding myths." Once again, it does poorly. When it deals with Israeli desires for human rights, it tends to group that with "myths" that may serve a purpose. When it deals with Arab claims to be blameless bystanders to a war of aggression that they started, it tends to group these with "myths" that may serve a purpose. Instead, the focus ought to be on truth.The authors boast that in 1988 Arafat literally delivered an olive branch to the UN General Assembly. So what? His gang was still fighting a war against Jewish rights. If I give an olive branch to the UN General Assembly, do you suppose the authors will support my, um, right to take over the Levant in the name of the Roman Pagans who were displaced from it?The authors discuss the intifada and the reporting of it, and wonder whether it has brought peace any closer. And they imply that the media did a good job. But in fact, the media happily showed PLO propaganda more often than not, and also gave this propaganda undeserved credibility. I think media dishonesty in fact has made peace more difficult to achieve.I do not recommend this book.

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Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World) PDF

Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World) PDF

Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World) PDF

Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (The Making of the Contemporary World) PDF

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